Fringe-loom



UNITED STATES PATENT CFFICE.

SAMUEL WALKER, 0F ROXBURY, MASSACHUSETTS.

FRINCj'rE-LOOM.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 22,042, dated November 9, 1858.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL VALKER, of Roxbury, in thevcounty of Norfolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Fringe-Looms, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which Figure l is a perspective view of a fringe loom with my improvements attached. Figs. 2, 3, 4c, 5, 6, 7, S, 9 and l0 details to be referred to hereafter.

I will first refer briefly to the ordinary' and well known parts of the loom and then describe more particularly those features which form the subject of my present invention.

In the said drawings A is the frame work of the loom; B the driving shaft to which motion is communicated in any suitable and customary manner. The warp threads D are carried by a spool or warp beam E and are threaded through a two leaf harness F, actuated in the ordinary manner by treadles and tappets not shown in the drawings.

The reed Gr is carried by the lathe H which is pivoted at I to the frame work, and is vibrated by direct communications with the driving shaft one of which is seen at K Fig. l. The weft or fringe thread f is carried by a spool L Figs. l and l0 from which it passes through the guide g, thence through the loop 7L which is'of a sufficient weight to keep the requisite tension upon it, and from this loop to the eye in the end of thc ,carrier or finger M. The too free rendering of the thread from the spool L is prevented by the spring le. After the shed has been .opened the carrier passes into and through it, and before it returns the knife N rises up into its loop (as seen in Fig. l) and holds it distended, the knife being set sufficiently far from the warp to make a loop of the required length from the fringe thread. The carrier now returns from out the shed leaving its thread around the knife, and the harness is shifted to change the shed; the knife now descends out of 4the loop by which the latter lis cut. A binding thread fm, from a spool C (Fig. 9) is interlaced with the two outside threads of the warp to prevent them from being unraveled; the shifting of this thread vis effected in the ordinary manner by the alternate rising and falling of the cords a, and Z2 which is effected by the Vibration of the drum c, but as this forms no part of my invention it will not be furt-her described. The finished fringe O is wound upon the beam P by a take up motion Q, operated by a cord R attached to the lathe H.

The method of operating the carrier M which forms the first part of my invention will now be described. A frame or beam S seen in plan in Fig. 3 is connected by rods n with the lathe H (Figs. l and 3) and slides back and forth with it, being guided upon the frame of the loom by rollers p, Z9. In this frame vibrates the spindle T of the carrier, the hub r of which is furnished with teeth as seen in Fig. 3. With these teeth en.- gage the teeth of a rack-bar V (Figs. l and 3) which is vibrated back and forth within the frame or beam S as follows: A- face ca m V (Fig. 7) upon the main shaft gives through the cords or chains W an alter nately up and down motion to the levers X Fig. l. The forward ends of these levers are connected by means of chains Z with the rack bar U, the chains being so guided by the pulleys t that as the levers X vibrates the bar U Ashall be reciprocated back and forth a sufficient distance to give the carrier hub r a portion of a revolution, and thus impart to the carrier the required motion in and out of the shed.

The arrangement of the knife a-nd'knife holder with the operation of the parts immediately connected therewith will now be described. The knife N is carried by a holder A2 secured to the knife lever B2, the rear end of which is pivoted to a small standard rising from one of the back beams of the frame work, its forward end entering a hole in the horizontal bar C2 which is held up in the position seen in Fig. l by springs D2 attached to the vertical sliding bars E2. Then the parts are in this position the knife is elevated to form the loop, as in Fig. l, and it is depressed to cut the same as follows: To the lower ends of the bars E2 are attached the chains F2 which after passing around guide pulleys a upon the cross timber G2 are attached to a lever H2 which is pivoted to the frame work as seen dotted at ZJ Fig. l; this lever is also connected by a chain I2 to a lever lf2 which is also pivoted to the frame and is vibrated each time the driving shaft B revolves by a cam L2 upon this shaft. The knife bar B2 and knife N are thus depressed, and the latter is drawn through the loop which is thereby cut. To facilitate this part of the operation, the loop is supported by the stationary bar M2 the rear end of which is pivoted to the frame work, the forward end resting upon a plate N2, while its position horizontally is determined by the pin c which passes through it and into the bar C2. As the bar C2 rises and descends the pin plays up and down through the support M2. To accommodate the loom to the manufacture of different lengths of fringe, the knife is set more or less distant from the warp threads by adjusting its lever B2 in one or other of the holes CZ', the fringe supporter M2 being brought up immediately behind the knife by changing the position of the pin c in the bar C2; and in order that the fringe may be held steadily and be prevented from yielding while the loop is being cut, it is passed around pins upon a bar Y secured to the frame, and seen detached in Fig. 6, but partly covered by the fringe in Fig. l.

That the fringe may be evenly and perfectly formed it is necessary that the loop should not be cut until after the fringe or weft thread be again made fast by the changing of the shed; to insure this end a portion of the lower end of the knife is protected by guard plates t' which cover up about one third of the edge, and protect the thread from being cut until the knife has commenced to descend. The back of the knife should be made round and smooth, as when looped or twisted fringe is made the knife is turn half around, that the loops may not be cut. When the loops of fringe are to be twisted in lieu of being cut the fringe thread receives a tight twist at the moment before the loop is formed, this causes the loop so soon as it is free from the knife (which has been turned half around as before stated) to twist up. This is effected as follows: The fringe thread is carried by a bobbin or spool O2 (Fig. 8) which runs in a head or carriage P2 to which is attached a pulley f that is set in motion by a band Q2 from a pulley R2 upon a revolving shaft S2. This shaft receives its motion from a band T2 driven by a pulley U2 upon the shaft B. A sufliciently hard twist is thus put into the fringe thread to cause the loops to twist up in the contrary direction the moment they are freed by the descending knife.

In order that the loops, particularly in making twisted fringe may be held out of the way while the succeeding loop is being formed, that they may not become twisted up, one within the other, the following device is employed to press each loop down before another is formed: e is a small toothed wheel having four light fingers z" attached to it. A second wheel g engages with the wheel f and is rotated a suflicient distance each beat of the lathe to give the wheel c a quarter turn as follows: The wheels e and g are pivoted to the bar M2 and upon the pivot of the latter hangs a plate it (Figs. l and 5) which is connected by the cord 7c with the beam S and also with a spring X2 upon the cross bar G2 in such a manner that as the lathe recedes the plate It is drawn in the direction of its arrow, and its spring catch Z engages with one of the teeth or pins n of the wheel g and revolves this wheel a suiiicient distance to carry the fingers t" one quarter around, and as the path of these fingers lies directly over the point where the fringe is formed, the loop last formed is thus carried down beneath the bar l 2 as required; the pins n are inclined upon one side so that as the lathe again advances and the plate t is drawn in the direction contrary to its arrow by the spring X2, the spring catch Z slips over the pins and takes a new hold ready again to revolve the fingers when the lathe returns.

In order that the fingers z" may always be left in a position ready to depress the loops when they begin to revolve, the wheel e carries upon one face a square nut or proj ection m (Fig. t) against which rests the spring R (Fig. 1) attached to t-he bar M2 by which the wheel e is always arrested in a certain determined position. The heddles F are alternately raised and depressed by the rocking of the shaft V2 produced-by cords W2 attached to treadles in the ordinary way. The drum o which alternately raises and lowers the cords a and t) is secured to the shaft V2 and vibrates with it.

Thus far but a single thread carrier and a single set of warps and harnesses has been described; it is contemplated however to multiply the capacity of t-he loom'by the employment of a number of thread carriers, all pivoted to the frame S and actuated by the sliding rack bar U, in conjunction with a corresponding number of heddles suspended from the rocking shaft V2 by which a number of pieces of fringe may be simultaneously woven.

lVhat I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- 1. Pivoting the thread carriers to a reciprocating frame S moving with the lathe as set forth for the purpose specified.

2. I claim the guard plates i attached to the knife and operating in the manner substantially as set forth.

3. I claim depressing each loop of fringe immediately before the loops of fringe are as it is formed, by means of the fingers z" formed, by pivoting its spool upon a revolvor their substantial equivalents, for the puring carriage P2 as set forth.

pose of preventing them from being en- SAMUEL WALKER. 5 tangled and twisted up With the succeeding VVitnesseS:

loops asset forth. THos. R. ROACH,

4. I also claim twisting the weft thread P. E. TESCHEMACHEP.. 

